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Air guns appear in two forms, the air rifle along with the air pistol. As the name suggests, both drive their projectiles with the use of air, though the air is compressed in one means or another.

Historically, the air gun certainly existed in one form in the 16th century as there is a surviving example in the Stockholm museum! By the 17th century, air guns had developed enough to use in hunting. All of these examples were typically in the form of air rifles, and by this time they were developed enough so that they can go through 1 inch thick wood at a distance of a hundred paces. Really amazing even for today!

The pressures accomplished on a variety of these guns amounted to some 800PSI which was pretty amazing. Today however, we're limited to low pressure strictly for safety and legal reasons. In truth in some countries, air guns are still classified as firearms, so you wouldn't be able to acquire or use one unless you had a license.

Power To The Air Gun

Today we've a choice of different types of air gun. By that I mean the choice of how we power that gun. It's still mostly driven by air, but the method of how that air is compressed varies appreciably.Let's look briefly at each of the options to see just what advantages or disadvantages each offer.

CO2 Air Guns

Much like the Crosman 1077 rifle described elsewhere, these type of guns are driven by CO2. The CO2 is stored in either small 12g caplets, or containers, or in much larger 88g containers. Both are fitted to the rifle. The smaller caplets offer you about 50 - 80 shots before you have to replace, whilst the larger CO2 cylinder gives a very large 300 - 400 shots!

Clearly, the most important advantage of this technique is the continuity of fun! You're not constantly stopping to re-charge the gun, and if you're hunting small vermin, this is pretty essential as you'll not have time to be able to re-pump and aim at a critter as it's likely they'll be a considerable ways off by that time! The downside is that you must buy the CO2.

Break Barrel Gun

As the name implies, you 'break' the barrel at the point where it's hinged, in order to compress a steel spring which is hidden away inside the gun. The advantages of this gun is that the air is 'free'. All that is required is a but of muscle power to compress the spring. Some air rifles demand a large amount of muscle power and that is one of the disadvantages of this form of gun. The other weakness is the time taken between each shot. Not so terrible if you're just plinking, but a disaster if you're vermin hunting and scare the thing off with your 1st missed shot! Some makes of gun utilize a 'gas spring' instead of a coiled steel spring. Some brands that make use of of this are Weirauch, Crosman and Arowsmith.

Pneumatic Gun

This is where you use pre-compressed air as the source to fire the pellet. Compression is achieved simply by priming a lever somewhere on the gun. The pneumatic gun includes a few variants. These are typically:

- single stroke - where you only need to prime the pump once on the gun for it to be ready to fire

- multi stroke - where you have to prime the pump lever approximately 2 to 10 times to accomplish variable power

- pre charged pneumatic (PCP) - where you charge the reservoir not from a lever fitted to the gun, but from an air reservoir say for example a diving cylinder or maybe a hand pump

Like the CO2 air guns, these offer an advantage where you want uninterrupted shooting, as you can achieve up to around five-hundred shots on a good reservoir. The downside is usually the higher cost of acquisition since the production of these types of gun is dearer. Furthermore, it's important to acquire a reasonable high pressure hand pump or a diving cylinder. Usage costs will likely be lower though than say a CO2 gun.

So there you have it. A brief synopsis of air guns and an outline of their relevant good and bad points. I hope it may help any choices you need to make when considering an air rifle or air pistol.

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